Which Factor Has a Weight in the Development of Diabetes Mellitus: Genetic or Environment?

Introduction

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the metabolic disorder that affects population; its prevalence increased quickly during these last decades in all regions of the world. It is currently estimated that 190 million people suffer from diabetes mellitus, with over 330 millions predicted to have the condition by 2025 and 366 million by the year 2030.¹ The rate prevalence heterogeneity of diabetes mellitus is evident; the number of diabetic patients in the USA, India, and China or in Arab countries is not the same but its increasing year on year is similar.

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a multifactorial disease resulting from an interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Physical activity patterns, dietary habits, lifestyle, and obesity play a crucial role in the modulation of the disease occurrence. The predisposition to this disease is thought to be conferred by a number of different genes, which in isolation may have only minor effects but in combination lead to the characteristic pathophysiological effects. This genetic susceptibility may be conferred by an unfavorable combination of individual polymorphisms in the genes involved, each one controlling part of the pathogenic process. We conclude that it is impossible to have a diabetes mellitus without this interaction between these two most classes “genetic” and “environment”, and we must be directing all our researches to study and understand the secret of this combination.

Keywords

genetic, environment, factor, diabetes mellitus